Fluorine-18 patents (2009-2015). Part 2: new radiochemistry.

Fluorine-18 ((18)F) is one of the most common positron-emitting radionuclides used in the synthesis of positron emission tomography radiotracers due to its ready availability, convenient half-life and outstanding imaging properties. In Part 1 of this review, we presented the first analysis of patents issued for novel radiotracers labeled with fluorine-18. In Part 2, we follow-up with a focus on patents issued for new radiochemistry methodology using fluorine-18 issued between January 2009 and December 2015.

Recent great impact by an Isotope Separator On-Line (ISOL) in nuclear and radiochemistry.

On April 9 2015, the Letter article titled "Measurement of the first ionization potential of lawrencium, element 103" is now published at News and Views on Nature (2015) which has been performed by our remarkably Japanese colleagues of nuclear and radiochemistry at JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency). In this review, the author will state that the isotope separator on-line (ISOL) our regularly used, one of mass separation techniques, with a thermal surface ionization makes possible for determining the ionization potential of lawrencium based on the fruitful fundations of developing the ISOL system until now and also ever studying searches for unknown nuclei and these nuclear decay properties around actinide region in the past 20 years.

Cinética de la estabilidad del radiofármaco 99mTc-DTPA. Influencia de la temperatura / Stability kinetics of the radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-DTPA. Influence of the temperature

La pureza radioquímica del radiofármaco 99mTc-DTPA en función del tiempo seestudia por radiocromatografía en las primeras horas transcurridas tras su preparación.Los resultados se ajustan a ecuaciones exponenciales indicativas de que ladegradación del radiofármaco sigue una cinética de orden uno. Las constantes obtenidasa diferentes temperaturas siguen la ecuación de Arrhenius, cuyos parámetrosse calculan. Se proponen sendos métodos, analítico y gráfico, para el cálculodel tiempo de validez (t95) en función de la temperatura

The radiochemical purity of the radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-DTPA dependingon the time is studied by radiocromatography in the first hours passed after itspreparation. Results adjust to exponential equations that indicate order one forthe degradation of radiopharmaceutical. The constants obtained for differenttemperatures follow the equation of Arrhenius, whose parameters are calculated.Analytical and graphical methods are provided for the calculation of the validitytime (t95) depending on temperature

Current use and future potential of organometallic radiopharmaceuticals.

Contrary to common belief, organometallic compounds exhibit remarkable stability in aerobic and even diluted aqueous solutions. Technetium-sestamibi (Cardiolite) is one of the most prominent examples of this class of compounds routinely used in nuclear medicine. This review summarises the recent progress in labelling of biomolecules with organometallic complexes for diagnostic and therapeutic application in radiopharmacy and exemplifies in detail developments focussing on organometallic technetium- and rhenium-tricarbonyl technologies. The value of such technologies has been recognised and they have become a valuable alternative to common labelling methodologies. An increasing number of groups have started to employ an organometallic precursor for the purpose of radioactive labelling of various classes of biomolecules, and the advantages and limitations of this new technique are compared with those of other labelling methods. The synthetic access to appropriate precursors via double-ligand exchange or aqueous carbonyl kit preparation for routine application is described. Strategies and examples for the design of appropriate bifunctional chelating agents for the Tc/Re-tricarbonyl core are given. The functionalization of biomolecules such as tracers for the central nervous system (dopaminergic and serotonergic), tumour affine peptides (somatostatin receptors, neuroreceptors) and tumour binding single-chain antibody fragments is summarised. Where possible and appropriate, the in vitro and in vivo results in respect of these examples are compared with those obtained with classical (99m)Tc/(188)Re(V)- and (111)In-labelled analogues. The preclinical results show the in many ways superior characteristics of organometallic labelling techniques.

Workshop summary. Biomedical and Space-Related Research with Heavy Ions at the BEVALAC.

NASA: The authors provide an overview of papers presented at a workshop on Biomedical and Space-Related Research with Heavy Ions at the BEVALAC at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Goals of the meeting were to determine the critical experiments using heavy ions as probes in radiation physics, radiation chemistry, macromolecular and cellular biology, evolution science, basic neurophysiology, and medical therapies; how beam lines and facilities at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory can be improved for these experiments; and implications in priorities and funding for national policy. Workshop topics included physics and facilities, cellular and molecular biology, tissue radiobiology, and the future of heavy ion research.^ieng